Class
Family
Classification
Subordinate Taxa
Nomenclature
Scientific Name:
Calyptrochaeta Desv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 3: 226 (1825)
Synonymy:
- ≡ Chaetephora Brid., Muscol. Recent. Suppl. 4, 148 (1818) nom. illeg.
- = Eriopus Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2, 788 (1827) nom. illeg.
Type Taxon:
Etymology:
Description
Plants small to robust, often rather rigid, forming golden, brown-green, or blue-green and usually glossy turves, mostly terrestrial. Stems erect or ± stoloniferous and layering, sparsely branched, often with scattered axillary tufts of brown tomentum. Leaves in 6 ranks, complanate, distant below, becoming larger and closer above, mostly asymmetric, those of ventral and dorsal ranks ± erect and imbricate, smaller and more symmetric than those of lateral ranks; lateral leaves erect-spreading, oval, spathulate, or obovate, mostly plane at margins, toothed or nearly entire, bordered by a few to several rows of elongated cells; upper laminal cells smooth, hexagonal, thin- or firm-walled and usually ± thickened in corners, lax or compact, becoming larger and laxer towards the base; border of a few to several rows of elongate and thick-walled cells; alar cells not differentiated. Costa usually weak and unequally bifurcate near base, sometimes simple (as in C. brownii), not extending beyond mid leaf.
Dioicous in N.Z. species, rarely autoicous. Perichaetia lateral and often aggregated, with erect, concave, usually ± acuminate leaves. Perigonia scattered on ♂ stems. Setae lateral, straight or ± flexuose, usually stout, densely spinose, papillose, or sometimes ± smooth, mostly pale brown; capsules horizontal to nearly pendent, small and ovoid from a narrowed neck, narrowed below the mouth when dry; exothecial cells ± isodiametric, collenchymatous; annulus large-celled, falling with the operculum; operculum conic-rostrate. Peristome double, yellow-brown; exostome teeth linear-lanceolate, strongly furrowed, cross-striate below, ± baculate near apex, with high ventral lamellae that project as lateral trabeculae; endostome pale yellow, finely papillose, with a high basal membrane and well-developed, perforate segments ± equal the teeth; cilia absent, rudimentary, or rarely well-developed. Calyptra mitrate, naked or pilose, fimbriate at base, enclosing only the operculum and distal portion of the urn. Spores small.
Taxonomy
Calyptrochaeta is a genus of c. 30 species (Streimann 2000) distributed mostly in Malesia, Oceania, Australasia, Madagascar, and South America. The species tend to have restricted geographic distributions; four species occur in N.Z.
Calyptrochaeta is a genus of strikingly beautiful plants, characterised by strongly complanate, oval to obovate leaves that are strongly bordered and have weak and bifurcate costae that end below mid leaf. The strong development of spines (less commonly papillae) on the usually fleshy setae is a striking feature of the genus.
Streimann (2000) presented a useful revision of this genus for Australia that treated two apparent endemic species and four species that occur in N.Z. as well as Australia. Matteri (1975) revised the Andean/Patagonian species (as Eriopus) and included one species that occurs in N.Z.
Key
| 1 | Plants robust (stems to 80 mm or greater, rarely <30 mm), with lateral leaves often exceeding 4.0 mm; leaves strongly crisped when dry (especially at margins), coarsely and irregularly toothed; upper median laminal cells averaging >45 µm wide | C. cristata |
| 1' | Plants smaller (stems rarely exceeding 25 mm, generally <20 mm), with lateral leaves not exceeding 3.0 mm; leaves not strongly crisped when dry, variously toothed to nearly entire; upper median laminal cells averaging <45 µm wide | 2 |
| 2 | Leaf border <20 µm (usually 12–18 µm) wide at mid leaf; leaf apices broadly obtuse or rounded and with a short, slender apiculus; margins entire | C. brownii |
| 2' | Leaf border >25 µm wide at mid leaf; leaf apices not rounded, strongly apiculate; margins serrulate to spinose, or ± entire (in C. apiculata) | 3 |
| 3 | Margins sharply spinose-serrate; leaf apices slenderly apiculate; border <45 µm (excluding teeth) wide at mid leaf; setae setose nearly throughout, with spines becoming abruptly longer to form a crest immediately below capsules; predominantly an inland species | C. flexicollis |
| 3' | Margins nearly entire to bluntly serrate; leaf apices stoutly apiculate; border c. 45–60 µm (excluding teeth) wide at mid leaf; setae smooth or papillose, lacking a crest of long spines immediately below capsules; predominantly a coastal species in N.Z. | C. apiculata |
Biostatus
Indigenous (Non-endemic)
| Category | Number |
|---|---|
| Indigenous (Endemic) | 1 |
| Indigenous (Non-endemic) | 3 |
| Total | 4 |
Excluded Taxa
The following Colenso and Müller names were placed in synonymy by Dixon (1927, pp. 285–286), who in some cases cited Brotherus (1901–1909) but failed to note the tentative nature of some of Brotherus’ comments concerning their identity. There is no identifiable type material of any of these names in the BM (including herb. Dixon) and it is therefore unlikely that Dixon actually saw type material; it is also unlikely that any identifiable type material of the Colenso names is extant. In at least some cases, the currently known distribution of the species into which Dixon subsumed these names suggests that he was incorrect. While most of Dixon’s assignments are no doubt correct, it is better to consider these names nomina dubia. The name under which they were placed by Dixon is included in square brackets.
Hookeria petrophila Colenso, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 18: 234 (1886), [Eriopus cristatus following Brotherus].
Eriopus helmsianus Müll.Hal., Hedwigia 41: 128 (1902), [Eriopus cristatus following Brotherus].
Eriopus zuernianus Müll.Hal., Hedwigia 41: 128 (1902), [Eriopus cristatus following Brotherus].
Hookeria pygmaea Colenso, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 18: 235 (1886), [Eriopus flexicollis].
Hookeria semiserrulata Colenso, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 21: 45 (1889), [Eriopus flexicollis].
Bibliography
Bridel, S.-E. 1818 ("1819"): Muscologia Recentiorum seu Species Muscorum. Supplement. Vol. 4. Ettinger, Gotha.
Bridel, S.-E. 1827: Bryologia Universa seu systematica ad novam methodum dispositio, historia et descriptio omnium muscorum frondosorum huscusque cognitorum cum synonymia ex auctoribus probatissimis. Vol. 2. Barth, Leipzig.
Brotherus, V.F. 1901–1909: Musci (Laubmoose) II Specieller Teil. In: Engler, A.; Prantl, K. (ed.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Teil 1. Abt. 3. Engelmann, Leipzig. 277–1246.
Desvaux, N.A. 1825: Exposition méthodique des genres de la famile des mousses, pour servir de complément au travail de feu Palisot de Bauvois. Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Paris 3: 211–228.
Dixon, H.N. 1927: Studies in the bryology of New Zealand, with special reference to the herbarium of Robert Brown. Part V. Bulletin, New Zealand Institute 3(5): 239–298.
Fife, A.J. 2017: Daltoniaceae. In: Breitwieser, I.; Wilton, A.D. (ed.) Flora of New Zealand – Mosses. Fascicle 34. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln.
Goffinet, B.; Buck, W.R.; Shaw, A.J. 2009: Morphology, anatomy, and classification of the Bryophyta. In: Goffinet, B.; Shaw, A.J. (ed.) Bryophyte Biology. Edition 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 55–138.
Matteri, C.M. 1975: Las Hookeriaceae (Musci) Andino-Patagonicas, I. Nova Hedwigia 26: 649–724.
Streimann, H. 2000: Taxonomic studies on Australian Hookeriaceae (Musci) 3. The genera Calyptrochaeta, Daltonia, Hookeriopsis and Sauloma. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 88: 101–138.
Vitt, D.H. 1984: Classification of the Bryospida. In: Schuster, R.M. New Manual of Bryology. Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan. 696–759.
