Habitat: bank, clay, coast, dry, grassland, hill, lowland, margin, moist, open, pasture, roadside, sand, sheltered, shrubland, silt, slope, terrace, track, tussockland, wasteland

Dispersal: Seed, vegetative

 Recognition
  • upright, arching or scrambling shrubby plants usually forming dense thickets.
  • their stems are almost always armed with prickles and become woody with age.
  • their compound leaves have three or five spreading leaflets and are usually borne on prickly stalks.
  • these leaflets are usually egg-shaped in outline or oval in shape with variously toothed margins.
  • its white or pale pink flowers have five petals, five sepals, and numerous stamens.
  • its fleshy fruit (10-30 mm across) turn from green to red as they begin to mature and then glossy black when fully ripe.
  • these berry-like fruit are actually made up of many smaller fruit, each containing a single small seed.

[From: Environmental Weeds of Australia]

 References
Biosecurity New Zealand 2012: Regional Pest Management Strategies Database. http://www.biosecurityperformance.maf.govt.nz/
Howell, C. 2008: Consolidated list of environmental weeds in New Zealand. DOC Research & Development Series 292: 42.