Classification
Class
Pinopsida
Order
Pinales Gorozh.
Family
Pinaceae Spreng. ex Rudolphi
Genus
Pinus L.
 Nomenclature
Scientific Name:
Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon (1838) var. contorta
Synonymy:
  • ≡ Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon (1838) subsp. contorta
 Biostatus
Exotic
 Bibliography
Biosecurity New Zealand 2012: Regional Pest Management Strategies Database. http://www.biosecurityperformance.maf.govt.nz/
Biosecurity New Zealand 4 Aug 2011: Unwanted Organisms Register. http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/registers/uor
Biosecurity New Zealand 2008: National Plant Pest Accord. MAF Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington.
Farjon, A 2001: World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. Edition 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond.
Howell, C. 2008: Consolidated list of environmental weeds in New Zealand. DOC Research & Development Series 292: 42.
Sykes, W.R. 1970: Some Canterbury pines and their origin. Canterbury Botanical Society Journal 3