Habitat: bank, coast, hill, lava, open, pasture, roadside, rock outcrop, scree, shrubland, silt

Dispersal: Seed

Distribution from the Australasian Virtual Herbarium. CC-BY 3.0 AU
Distribution from the Australasian Virtual Herbarium. CC-BY 3.0 AU
 Recognition
  • a large spreading shrub or small tree with somewhat angular stems.
  • its leaves are simple, terete and spiny, usually hairless at maturity.
  • its flower stalks hairy and 3-7 mm long.
  • its fruit are 2-2.7 cm long and seeds 1.5-2.5 cm long.
 Images
Image: Trevor James © Trevor James
Image: Trevor James © Trevor James
Image: Trevor James © Trevor James
Image: Trevor James © Trevor James
Image: Trevor James © Trevor James
Image: Trevor James © Trevor James
Weeds Key – interactive key to the weed species of New Zealand
 References
Biosecurity New Zealand 2012: Regional Pest Management Strategies Database. http://www.biosecurityperformance.maf.govt.nz/
Howell, C. 2008: Consolidated list of environmental weeds in New Zealand. DOC Research & Development Series 292: 42.